Table of contents:
1. Introduction.
2. Epidemiology and risk factors.
3. Evaluation of peripheral arteries and aorta.
3.1. Vascular examination of peripheral arteries.
3.2. Evaluation of the aorta.
4. Screening for carotid, peripheral arterial, and aortic diseases.
5. Optimal medical treatment.
6. Peripheral arterial disease.
6.1. Lower-extremity PAD.
6.1.1. PAD syndromes and treatments.
6.1.2. Chronic limb-threatening ischaemia.
6.1.3. Acute limb ischaemia.
6.2. Extracranial carotid and vertebral artery disease.
6.2.1. Asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis.
6.2.2. Symptomatic carotid artery stenosis.
6.3. Other arterial locations.
6.3.1. Subclavian artery disease.
6.3.2. Renal artery disease.
6.3.3. Visceral artery disease.
7. Aorta.
7.1. Atheromatous disease of the aorta.
7.2. Aortic aneurysms.
7.2.1. General concepts.
7.2.2. Thoracic aortic aneurysms.
7.2.3. Abdominal aortic aneurysms.
7.2.4. Optimal medical treatment of aortic aneurysms.
7.2.5. Surgical management of aortic aneurysms.
7.2.6. Endoleaks.
7.2.7. Long-term follow-up after aortic repair.
7.3. Acute thoracic aortic syndromes.
7.3.1. General concepts.
7.3.2. Intramural haematoma.
7.3.3. Penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer.
7.3.4. Traumatic aortic injury.
7.3.5. Long-term follow-up of acute aortic syndrome.
8. Genetic and congenital diseases of the aorta.
8.1. Genetic and chromosomal diseases.
8.1.1. Turner syndrome.
8.1.2. Vascular Ehlers–Danlos syndrome.
8.1.3. Marfan syndrome.
8.1.4. Loeys–Dietz syndrome.
8.2. Aortic disease associated with bicuspid aortic valves.
9. Polyvascular PAD and PAD in patients with cardiac diseases.