Atherosclerosis is the key disease process underlying cardiovascular death and disability. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is driven by multiple cell types present in the plaque, that all have different functions. Only now, with the arrival of advanced single cell transcriptomics, the cells present in the plaque can be mapped and studied in high detail. The nucleus of the working group for atherosclerosis and vascular biology of the ESC recently summarized the huge translational impact of these novel techniques, its opportunities and pitfalls, and how it can help us in the future research effort and novel clinical applications.